By Henry Srebrnik, Saint John Telegraph-Journal
The horrors of Nazi race theory led to the murder of millions of innocent people. As a postwar reaction, it became taboo to assert that ethnicities or religious groups differ in their readiness to adapt to Western institutions. To acknowledge the reality of profound cultural differences was now beyond the pale. Every link between peoplehood and political inclinations was verboten.
Instead, this was replaced by the belief that nations must henceforth be “ideas” rather than historical inheritances -- which meant anyone arriving would immediately realize that the benefits of liberal democracy outweighed whatever cultural and religious norms they brought with them and join the polity. A win-win situation.
That postwar rejection of “ethnopolitical” thinking produced a liberalism that contended that belonging is for “everyone,” and treated every border as a nuisance, if not a prejudice. Hence, we have today’s European Union. Ideally, the Brussels bureaucrats would like to erase even indigenous national differences in some far-off future, the way Russian Communists assumed that the various ethnic groups in the USSR would blend into a new Soviet nationality under Communism.
In the last half-century in Europe, this kind of thinking allowed for massive postwar immigration and a resulting dependence on population growth. As native birth rates declined below replacement levels, these countries became dependent on immigration to sustain their economies and social systems.
But it didn’t work out the way they expected, and so you have a liberal capitalist order now in crisis. Multiculturalism and globalization have profoundly altered communities. As such, public trust has measurably declined. Shared identity, traditions, and a common sense of belonging have all eroded. Illegal migrants are dispersed nationwide, and – of course! -- disproportionately housed in poorer neighbourhoods, away from those who rule.
In European debates today, migration is not simply presented as a problem to be managed. Rather, its opponents now hold it responsible for a gamut of problems, from poor social services to wage stagnation to crime. The rioting and disorder in France are a harbinger of what may be coming everywhere. What they are now living through is the unravelling of the postwar liberal order. Eventually, this divergence between what most of the population wants and what leaders prefer will bring down governments across the Continent, as surely as “socialism” collapsed in eastern Europe and Russia last century.
Europe’s political and social problems surrounding immigration will become even more intractable. Germany is an obvious example. Within a decade, even in its most urban and populated areas, it went from a stable nation with high levels of social trust and generous social safety nets, to something rather different. Everyone there knows the cause, everyone sees the “elephant in the room” -- it’s immigration, lawful and otherwise.
There is a frustration with immigrants who don’t seek to integrate into the fabric of the culture and its identity, or at least seek to understand and respect it, but who desire to change the identity of the countries in which they move or to create isolationist enclaves within them. The broader illiberal treatment of women by some non-Western immigrants to Europe, for example, is a ticking time bomb, and tensions are likely to continue rising, especially as Western populations continue to reject mass immigration at every electoral opportunity. Western leaders, of course, are more eager to prove their cosmopolitan bona fides and dedication to postwar liberal principles.
The rise of right wing parties has been driven in most European countries by public perception showing recent immigrants have disproportionately been involved in crime and have resisted many liberal norms for cultural and or religious reasons, and in at least a few of these countries, well grounded data supports the perception, so much so that some countries, like Denmark and Sweden, have enacted strict controls on immigration and asylum for more than just political reasons.
France will elect a new president on April 18, and it looks as if the Rassemblement National’s Marine Le Pen might finally win in her fourth attempt. In Spain, the leftist prime minister Pedro Sanchez has just called snap elections for November 29 and is in trouble over the Ceueta incursion by Moroccans last summer. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz lurches from crisis to crisis as the far-right Alternative fur Deutschland gains strength in regional elections. In Italy, Giorgia Meloni is already too conservative for many tastes, but her supporters may defect to Roberto Vannacci’s authentically fascist Futuro Nazionale. A decrepit Labour Party in Britain faces Nigel Farage’s Reform UK party on the right.
These right-wing parties draw moral force from claiming to represent people who consider the parties of the left to have forgotten them. Their supporters are united by a sense of meaninglessness that was once filled by other structures and parties which no longer give them a framework for identity.
Anti-immigration policies are essentially about providing an identity, whether rooted in whiteness, language, Christianity or something else. Mainstream parties need to come up with competitive platforms. The right thrives on the questions everyone else refuses to answer.
The immigration issue is fundamentally a fight between universalism and particularism. The state has been attempting to reshape society around a secular, universalist moral ideology. We don’t yet know which side will prevail.